by Pearline » 25 Oct 2009, 16:16
Term insurance is available for set periods of time such as 10, 15, 20, or 30 years. It pays a death benefit during the specific period of time. At the end of the term period, there is no insurance in force unless you renew the insurance for another term period. You can renew term insurance policies for another term period even if your health has changed. The premium rates increase at each renewal date.
There is also annual renewable term life, where your policy automatically renews each year and premiums increase as you get older. Choose level term insurance if you want your premium to stay the same for the duration of the policy.
Also available is decreasing term insurance, where premiums remain level but your death benefit declines over time. This is good if you want to cover only a specific debt that decreases, such as a mortgage or business loan.
As long as you pay your premiums, the company cannot cancel you. Term insurance generally offers more insurance protection for your premium dollars; however, as stated, premiums increase at the end of the term period. It is good protection for needs that will disappear in time, such as mortgages or car loans.
Term life insurance is a popular choice because of the long rate-guarantee periods and because premiums are at all-time lows. However, if you get to the end of your policy term and still need life insurance, you'll need to shop for a new policy, which will then be priced based on your older age and health status.
Choosing an initial rate-guarantee period is easy: Match the period of time your dependents need your income to the available rate-guarantee periods. For example, if your children are young and you have decades to go on your mortgage, try 30-year term life. If your children are leaving the nest and your home is paid off or nearly paid off, 10-year term would fit the bill.
Other policy provisions that drive the popularity of term life insurance are guaranteed renewal and guaranteed convertibility. Before you buy a term life policy, ask the agent or company to confirm to you that the policy contains a guaranteed renewable option, which grants you the right to continue coverage beyond the initial rate-guarantee period without a medical exam. This feature, found in most term life policies sold today, is extremely important should you become sick and uninsurable toward the end of your rate-guarantee period. For example, say that you’ve been paying $800 per year on a $500,000, 20-year level term life policy and develop cancer near the end of the 20-year period, thus making you uninsurable. Assuming that you want to continue the coverage, a guaranteed renewable clause would allow you to continue the coverage beyond 20 years on an annual renewable basis without an exam, although at a much higher annual premium of, say, $8,000 in year 21, $11,000 in year 22, and so on. These premiums don’t look so high when you are very sick and uninsurable but still in need of coverage.
Another built-in feature of most term life policies is the right to convert your coverage to any whole life or cash value policy that the company might offer at current rates without having to take another physical exam. This feature may be of use in the future if you decide you want cash value life insurance.
If you'd like term insurance to cover you for a certain period of time but you're confident you'll outlive the policy, consider a return of premium (ROP) term life insurance policy. Under this type of policy, if no death benefit has been paid by the end of your insurance term, you receive all your premiums back tax-free. Return of premium term life insurance generally costs 50 to 150 percent more than a comparable term policy but it provides a way to hedge your bets no matter what happens.
Whole Life insurance, also referred to as cash value insurance, provides protection for life. As long as you pay the premiums, the death benefit will be paid. Premiums are higher than term insurance; however, part of the premium is invested by the company and builds up a cash value. This cash value will accumulate and may be available if you surrender the policy; or, if you stop paying premiums, you can use the cash value to continue your policy at the current death benefit for a specified time or at a lesser death benefit covering you for your lifetime. Part of the cash value may also be used as collateral for a loan, or you may borrow from the cash value of the policy.
If you want more than a death benefit from your life insurance policy and like the idea of a long-term savings account (not insured by any federal agency) or stock market investment, you might consider whole life, universal life or variable life. Be prepared to pay much higher premiums per $1,000 of coverage because you are now funding a cash value account and paying fees and expenses.
In many cash value policies, the annual premium does not increase from year to year. Universal life policies allow you to fluctuate or even skip premium payments, which in turn adjusts your death benefit amounts.
Unlike term life insurance, which is easily compared online, cash value insurance is often marketed by agents and brokers in a face-to-face setting, where needs and strategies can be discussed.
Because of the complexity and dizzying array of possible outcomes for permanent life insurance, regulators insist that cash value insurance be sold using pre-approved illustration formats. These illustrations can run to 15 or more pages. Cash value life insurance illustrations are divided into two major sections: guaranteed values and projected or “illustrated, non-guaranteed” amounts. Illustrations can be complex and hard to compare in an apples-to-apples way.
Pay particular attention to the guaranteed death benefit and premium-payment sections because these columns contain the actual company promises. If you don’t like what you see there, walk away.
Many cash value policies contain harsh penalties for surrendering the policies in the early years. Changing your mind within the first few years is an expensive decision.